Īs early as the 15th century BC the citizens of Sidon and Tyre, two cities on the coast of Ancient Phoenicia (present day Lebanon), were producing purple dye from a sea snail called the spiny dye-murex. These works have been dated to between 16,000 and 25,000 BC. The artists of Pech Merle cave and other Neolithic sites in France used sticks of manganese and hematite powder to draw and paint animals and the outlines of their own hands on the walls of their caves. Purple first appeared in prehistoric art during the Neolithic era. Main article: Tyrian purple Byzantine Emperor Justinian I clad in Tyrian purple, 6th-century mosaic at Basilica of San Vitale In art, history, and fashion In prehistory and the ancient world: Tyrian purple The first recorded use of the word purple dates to the late 900s AD. The modern English word purple comes from the Old English purpul, which derives from Latin purpura, which, in turn, derives from the Greek πορφύρα ( porphura), the name of the Tyrian purple dye manufactured in classical antiquity from a mucus secreted by the spiny dye-murex snail. When combined with pink, it is associated with eroticism, femininity, and seduction. Īccording to contemporary surveys in Europe and the United States, purple is the color most often associated with rarity, royalty, luxury, ambition, magic, mystery, piety and spirituality. Similarly in Japan, the color is traditionally associated with the emperor and aristocracy. Purple was the color worn by Roman magistrates it became the imperial color worn by the rulers of the Byzantine Empire and the Holy Roman Empire, and later by Roman Catholic bishops. Purple has long been associated with royalty, originally because Tyrian purple dye-made from the secretions of sea snails-was extremely expensive in antiquity. In the RGB color model used in computer and television screens, purple is created by mixing red and blue light in order to create colors that appear similar to violet light. In the CMYK color model used in modern printing, purple is made by combining magenta pigment with either cyan pigment, black pigment, or both. In the RYB color model historically used in the arts, purple is a secondary color created by combining red and blue pigments in different proportions. Purple is a color similar in appearance to violet light. Clockwise, from top left: an iris bishops an eggplant sunset Messier 81
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